Ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma ihe onwunwe polymer

1. Ụdị ịka nká nke ihe polymer

Ihe polymer dị na nhazi, nchekwa na iji ya mee ihe, n'ihi ọrụ zuru oke nke ihe ndị dị n'ime na n'èzí, ihe onwunwe ya na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akawanye njọ, nke mere na njedebe ikpeazụ nke uru eji eme ihe, ihe a bụ nke ịka nká nke ihe polymer.

Ọ bụghị nanị na nke a na-ebute ihe onwunwe n'iyi, ma ọbụna na-eduga ná nnukwu ihe mberede n'ihi ọdịda ọrụ ya, na ire ere nke ihe ndị mere ịka nká ya nwekwara ike imerụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'ihi ụdị polymer dị iche iche na ọnọdụ dị iche iche eji eme ihe, e nwere ihe dị iche iche ịka nká na njirimara.N'ozuzu, ịka nká nke ihe polymer nwere ike kewaa n'ime ụdị mgbanwe anọ ndị a:

Mgbanwe na ọdịdị

Enwere ntụpọ, ntụpọ, ahịrị ọla ọcha, mgbawa, ntu oyi, ntụ ntụ, ntutu isi, mgbakasị ahụ, azụ azụ, mbelata, mbelata, ọkụ, mgbagha anya na mgbanwe na agba anya.

Mgbanwe na akụrụngwa anụ ahụ

Gụnyere solubility, ọzịza, rheological Njirimara na oyi na-eguzogide, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, mmiri permeability, ikuku permeability na ndị ọzọ Njirimara nke mgbanwe.

Mgbanwe na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa

Ike nkwụsịtụ, ike na-ehulata, ike ịkwa ụda, ike mmetụta, elongation ikwu, ntụrụndụ nchekasị, wdg.

Mgbanwe na akụrụngwa eletrik

Dị ka nguzogide elu, nguzogide olu, dielectric mgbe niile, ike ndakpọ eletrik na-agbanwe.

2. Ihe na-akpata ịka nká nke ihe polymer

N'ihi na na polymer nhazi, ojiji usoro, ga-emetụta okpomọkụ, oxygen, mmiri, ìhè, microorganism na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe ndị dị ka chemical ọkara Nchikota ya chemical mejupụtara na Ọdịdị nwere ike na-emepụta a usoro mgbanwe, a kwekọrọ ekwekọ ọjọọ anụ ahụ Njirimara, dị otú ahụ. dị ka ntutu isi siri ike, na-agbaji agbaji, nnyapade, ngbanwe, enweghị ike na ihe ndị ọzọ, mgbanwe ndị a na ihe a na-akpọ ịka nká.

Polymer dị elu n'okpuru omume nke okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ọkụ ga-etolite ụmụ irighiri ihe na-akpali akpali, mgbe ike dị elu nke ọma, ụdọ molekụla ahụ ga-agbaji ka ọ bụrụ free radicals, free radicals nwere ike ịmepụta mmeghachi omume n'ime polymer, na-anọgide na-eme ka mbibi, nwekwara ike ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọjọọ. cross-njikọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ikuku oxygen ma ọ bụ ozone dị na gburugburu ebe obibi, usoro mmeghachi omume oxidation nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ hydroperoxides (ROOH), nke nwere ike ịghọkwu n'ime otu carbonyl.

Ọ bụrụ na enwere ion ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na polymer, ma ọ bụ ion metal dị ka ọla kọpa, ígwè, manganese na cobalt na-abanye n'ime polymer n'oge nhazi na ojiji, mmeghachi omume mmebi oxidation nke polymer ga-eme ngwa ngwa.

3. Ụzọ mgbochi ịka nká nke ihe polymer

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụzọ ndị bụ isi iji melite na ịkwalite ihe mgbochi ịka nká nke ihe polymer bụ ndị a:

Ịka nká nke ihe polymer, karịsịa ịka nká nke photooxygen, nke mbụ na-amalite site na elu nke ihe ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa, gosipụtara dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, ntụ ntụ, mgbawa, nkwụsị na-egbuke egbuke, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ banye n'ime ime.

Ngwaahịa ndị dị nro na-adaba na mbụ karịa ngwaahịa ndị siri ike, ya mere enwere ike ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke ngwaahịa site na ngwaahịa ndị na-agbapụta.

Maka ngwaahịa dị mfe ịka nká, enwere ike kpuchie ya n'elu ma ọ bụ kpuchie ya na akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi ihu igwe dị mma, ma ọ bụ n'elu elu nke ngwaahịa ahụ mejupụtara oyi akwa nke ihe mkpuchi ihu igwe dị mma, nke mere na elu ngwaahịa ahụ jikọtara ya na oyi akwa. oyi akwa mkpuchi, ka ọ na-egbu oge usoro ịka nká.

N'ime usoro nhazi ma ọ bụ nkwadebe, ọtụtụ ihe na-enwekwa nsogbu nke ịka nká.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na usoro polymerization, ikuku oxygen na-ekpo ọkụ na nhazi nhazi na ihe ndị ọzọ.N'ihi ya, enwere ike ibelata mmetụta nke ikuku oxygen site n'ịgbakwunye ngwaọrụ deoxygenation ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ na-ekpochapụ na polymerization ma ọ bụ nhazi usoro.

Otú ọ dị, usoro a nwere ike ikwe nkwa ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe dị na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na usoro a nwere ike ime ya naanị site na isi iyi nke nkwadebe ihe, na-enweghị ike dozie nsogbu ịka nká ya na nhazigharị na iji ya eme ihe.

E nwere ndị dị iche iche dị nnọọ mfe afọ na molekụla Ọdịdị nke ọtụtụ polymer ihe, otú site molekụla Ọdịdị imewe nke ihe, dochie ìgwè ndị na-adịghị mfe afọ na otu ndị dị mfe afọ nwere ike na-emekarị na-arụ ọrụ dị mma.

Ma ọ bụ iwebata ndị na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu nwere mmetụta mgbochi ịka nká na ụdọ mkpụrụ ndụ polymer site na grafting ma ọ bụ usoro copolymerization, na-enye ihe ahụ n'onwe ya ọrụ magburu onwe ya na-egbochi ịka nká, bụkwa usoro nke ndị nchọpụta na-ejikarị eme ihe, ma ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu. ma ọ nweghị ike nweta nnukwu mmepụta na ngwa.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụzọ dị irè na usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji meziwanye nkwụsị ịka nká nke ihe polymer bụ ịgbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi ịka nká, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ihi ọnụ ala ya na ọ dịghị mkpa ịgbanwe usoro mmepụta ihe dị ugbu a.Enwere ụzọ abụọ isi tinye mgbakwunye ndị a na-egbochi ịka nká:

Direct mgbakwunye nke nwekwara: mgbochi ịka nká mgbakwunye (ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri) na resin na ndị ọzọ na akụrụngwa na-kpọmkwem ozugbo agwakọta ma kpalie mgbe extrusion granulation ma ọ bụ injection ịkpụzi, wdg N'ihi na nke mfe ya, ụzọ a na-agbakwụnye ọtụtụ-eji na ọtụtụ pumping na. ụlọ ọrụ na-akpụzi injection.

Usoro mgbakwunye Masterbatch mgbochi ịka nká: N'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ihe dị elu chọrọ maka ịdị mma ngwaahịa na nkwụsi ike dị mma, ọ na-abụkarị ịgbakwunye Masterbatch mgbochi ịka nká na mmepụta.

Mgbochi ịka nká masterbatch dabara na resin dị ka onye na-ebu, agwakọta ya na mgbakwunye dị iche iche dị irè mgbochi ịka nká, wee site na ejima-screw extruder co-extrusion granulation, uru ngwa ya dabere na mgbakwunye mgbochi ịka nká na usoro nke ịkwadebe Masterbatch mbụ mmemme. na chụsasịrị, n'ihi ya, mbubreyo na usoro nke ihe nhazi, mgbochi ịka nká gị n'ụlọnga ga-abụọ dispersion, Iji nweta nzube nke edo dispersion nke auxiliaries na polymer ihe matriks, ọ bụghị nanị iji hụ na àgwà nke ngwaahịa kwụsie ike, kamakwa iji zere. mmetọ uzuzu n'oge mmepụta, na-eme ka mmepụta ahụ dịkwuo ndụ ndụ na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi.